Top 5 Reachest people in the world

No 1 ( Bill Gates): The co - founder of Microsoft is back on top becoming world's richest man again after four years with his fortune up by $9 billion in the last one year. Helped by surge inMicrosoft shares, his totel net worth $76 billion.

No 2 (Carlos Slim Helu ): The mexican telecom mogul's  net worth in 2014 is $72 billion as compared to last's $73 billion, losing the top stop he held for the last four years. The one billion plunge was due to huge fall of Minera Frisco shares.

No 3 ( Amancio ortega): He retained the position he held last year. his net worth this year is $64 billion, $7 billion up from last year's $57 billion. the man, who holds 60 percent share of clothing retailer inditex, gained $19.s billion last year.

No 4 ( Warren Buffett): The chairman and CEO of berkshire retained the spot he held in 2013. His total net worth this year is $58.2 billion as compared to $53.5 billion which is $4.7 billion up. His investments in companies like Exxon Mobil and NV Energy helped increase his fortune.

NO 5 ( Larry Ellison): The CEO of Oracle retained the fifth spot he held last year. His total net worth this year is $48 billion which is up by $5 billion from last year's $43 billion.
So this is all about the top 5 Reachest people in the world.




             

Top 10 good smart phone in the world

Hellow friend today i will show you top ten smart phone in the world that you should buy.

No 1 (Samsung Galaxy S6) - if the Galaxy S5 was a mis-step, the Galaxy S6 is Samsung back on scintillating form - this is the new king of the smartphones

No 2 (Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge+)-The standard Galaxy S6 is quite comfortably the best phone for most people, but if you havegot a bit more money to spend this fabulousphablet is really quite special
No 3 (LG G4)- This leatherclad flagship is a great device, but it is outdone by samsung's mighty Galaxy S6 

andS6 Edge+ so therefore it got no 3
No 4 (Google Nexus 6P)-The Nexus 6P is a good-Value phone that offers good or great results in just about every area, and it runs on stock Android Marshmallow so therefore it got no 4

No 5 (Apple iphone 6s)- Everything's changed is pushing it, but within the 6s' familiar body lies a surprising amount of innovation.

No 6 ( One plus 2 ) - Getting one is not easy, but the one plus 2 is an affordable flagship kille that is well worth the effort.

No 7 (Vodafone Smart prime ) - Yes, you have to go with vodafone to get the smart prime 6 but given it is the best budget blower in town it is unlikely you will be disappointed.

No 8 ( One plus X) - A super - value phone that sets a new standard among sub-E200 mobiles.

No 9 (Sony Xperia Z5 Compact) - A long lasting phone that is dead easy tolive with if you are after a smaller screen.

No 10 (Black Berry Priv) The priv stands out from every other major smartphone currently available thanks toits unique design and physical keyboard.

So friend this is all about top ten smart phone every one this phone very good it is deepend on you that which one do you like the most.

What is the VTP modes in computer networking

Hellow friend today we will learn about the VTP modes we will learn what is this in networking.

Each switch can use one of three different VTP Modes:

1(VTP client mode) - a switch using this mode can not change its VLAN configuration. That means that a VTP client switch can not create or delete VLANs. Received VTP updates are processed and forwarded.

2(VTP sever mode) - a switch using this mode can create and delete VLANs. A VTP server switch will propagate VLAN changes. This is the default mode for cisco switches.

3 (VTP transparent mode) - a switch using this mode does not share its VLAN database but it forwards received VTP advertisements. You can create and delete VLANs on a VTP transparent switch but the changes are not sent to other switches.

NOTE - you can not completely disable VTP on Cisco switches.
So friend this is all about the VTP in computer network.

Types of IPv6 Addresses networking

Today we will learn three categories of ipv6 addresses in networking. 

1(Unicast) - represents a single interface. Packets addressed to a unicast address are delivered to a single interface.

2(Anycast) - identifies one or more interfaces. For example- servers that support the same function can use the same unicast ip address. Packets sent to that ip address are forwarded to the nearest server. Anycast addresses are used for load - balancing. Lnown as one-to-nearest address.

3(Multicast) - represent a dynamic group of hosts. Packets sent to this address are delivered to many interfaces. Multicast addresses in IPV6 have a similar purpose astheir counterparts in IPV4.

NOTE- IPV6 does not use the broadcast method. it has been replaced with anycast and multicast addresses.

So this is all about the types of IPV6 addresses networking.

What is the collision domain and broadcast domain

Today we will learn about the collision domain and broadcast domain in networking.

(Collision domain)
A collision domain is, as the name implies, a part of a network where packet collisions can occur. Acollision occurs when two devices send a packet at the same time on the shared network segment. The packets collide and both devices must send the packets again which reduces network efficiency. Collisions are often in a hub environment because each port on a hub is in the same collision domain. By contrast each port on a bridge a switch or a router is in a separate collision domain.

( Broadcast domain)
A broadcast domain is a domain in which a broad cast is forwarded. A broadcast domain contains all devices that can reach each other at the data link layer (OSI LAYER 2) by using broadcast. All ports on a hub or a switch are by default in the same broadcast domain.All ports on a router are in the different broadcast domains and routers do not forward broadcasts from one broadcast domain to another. So this is all about the Collision domain and broadcast domain in networking.

Classes of IP addresses

Hellow friend today we will learn about classes of ip addresses this topic very useful student of b tech, bca,ccna student.

TCP/IP defines five classes of IP addresses: class A,B,C,D,andE. Each class has a range of Valid IP addresses.

The Value of the first octet determines the class. IP addresses from the first three classes (A,B,C) can be used for host addresses. The other two classes are used for other purposes (class D for multicast and class E for experimental purposes) we will see classes of ip addresses in other artical soory friend for unavailable but we will learn ip address ranges.

(Special IP address ranges)
o.0.0.0/8-addresses used to communicate with the current network 
127.0.0.0/8 - loopback addresses
169.254.0.0/16 - linl - local addresses (APIPA)
So this is all about the classes of IP addresses and ip ranges.

What is the (ARP) in computer network

Today we will learn about the are what is the arp in network and what is the work of it.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a network protocol used to find out the hardware (MAC) address of a device wants to communicate with some other device on a local network (For example on an ethernet network that requires physical addresses to be known before sending packets). 

The sending device uses ARP to translate IP addresses to MAC addresses. The device sends an ARP request message containing the IP address of the receiving device. All devices on a local network segment see the message, but only the device that has that IP address responds with the ARP reply message containing its MAC address. The sending device now has enough information to send the packet to the receiving device.

ARP (Address Resolution protocol) request packets are sent to the broadcast addresses (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF for the Ethernet broadcasts and 255.255.255.255 for the IP broadcast). So this is all about the ARP.